Poor language proficiency is a factor in plagiarism due to the inability to internalize information. Writing, like all arts, must first be learned from imitating appropriate models
It’s also a factor in a student’s ability to advocate for themselves when falsely accused of plagiarism. In a negotiated assessment ecology, male and white students are more likely to defend their work which therefore introduces a gender and racial bias in the grading system Students who do not have access to a white racial habitus will not easily understand its rules